7/30/2023 0 Comments Hedonism examplesHowever, sometimes simply minimizing life's pains is sufficient to attain happiness, and we need to go a step further and actively increase pleasure. Every pain we have is bad, and we should minimize pain when possible. However, there is delicate relation between pain and pleasure. Concerning the nature of pleasure, Epicurus explains that at least some pleasures are rooted in natural and, as a rule, every pain is bad and should be avoided, and every pleasure is good and should be preferred. As to decreasing life's pain, Epicurus explains how we can reduce the psychological anguish that results from fearing the gods and fearing death. In A Letter to Menoeceus - one of his few surviving fragments - Epicurus gives advice on how to decrease life's pains, and explains the nature of pleasure. We recognize pleasure as the first good innate in us, and from pleasure we begin every act of choice and avoidance, and to pleasure we return again, using the feeling as the standard by which we judge every good. In fact, all of our actions should have that aim: Ethical hedonism is most associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus (342-270 BCE.) who taught that our life's goal should be to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. Ethical hedonism is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to maximize pleasure or happiness. Psychological hedonism is the view that humans are psychologically constructed in such a way that we exclusively desire pleasure. Philosophers commonly distinguish between psychological hedonism and ethical hedonism.
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